The Niagara River

In the endeavour to gather into one volume a proper description of the various interests that centre in and around the Niagara River the author of this book felt very sincerely the difficulties of the task before him. As the geologic wonder of a continent and the commercial marvel of the present century, the Niagara River is one of the most remarkable streams in the world. In historic interest, too, it takes rank with any American river. To combine, then, into the pages of a single volume a proper treatment of this subject would be a task that perhaps no one could accomplish satisfactorily.

Works to which the author is most indebted, especially the historical writings of Hon. Peter A. Porter, Severance's Old Trails of the Niagara Frontier, The Niagara Book, and the writings of the scholar of the old New York frontier, the late O. H. Marshall, and the collections of the historical societies along the frontier, are indicated frequently in footnotes and in text. The author's particular indebtedness to Mr. Porter is elsewhere described; he is also in the debt of F. H. Mautz, Henry Guttenstein, Superintendent Edward H. Perry, whose kindness to the author was so characteristic of his treatment of all comers to the shrine over which he presides, E. O. Dunlap, and many others mentioned elsewhere. He has appreciated Mr. Howells's characteristic conscientiousness when he wrote concerning Niagara, "I have always had to take myself in hand, to shake myself up, to look twice, and recur to what I have heard and read of other people's impressions, before I am overpowered by it. Otherwise I am simply charmed." The author has laboured under the difficulty of attempting to remain "overpowered" during a period of several years. That there have been serious lapses in the shape of lucid intervals, the critic will find full soon!

It has seemed best to treat of modern Niagara under what might have been called "Part I." of this volume. The history of the Niagara region proper begins in Chapter VII., the problems of present-day interest occupying the preceding six chapters.

A. B. H.

Marietta College, Marietta, Ohio, January 26, 1908.

Contents

CHAPTER PAGE

I.--Buffalo and the Upper Niagara 1

II.--From the Falls to Lake Ontario 23

III.--The Birth of Niagara 52

IV.--Niagara Bond and Free 72

V.--Harnessing Niagara Falls 99

VI.--A Century of Niagara Cranks 123

VII.--The Old Niagara Frontier 153

VIII.--From La Salle to De Nonville 171

IX.--Niagara under Three Flags 196

X.--The Hero of Upper Canada 231

XI.--The Second War with England 263

XII.--Toronto 292

Index 315

List of Illustrations

PAGE

View of Horseshoe Falls from the Canadian Side From a photograph. Frontispiece

A Glimpse of Buffalo Harbor 4

Lafayette Square 8

St. Paul's Church, Buffalo 12

Niagara Falls 14 From the original painting by Frederick Edwin Church, in Corcoran Gallery.

The American Rapids 16

The View from Prospect Point 20 From a photograph by Notman, Montreal.

Goat Island Bridge and Rapids 24