Oliver Cromwell

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OLIVER CROMWELL

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WORKS BY SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER

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[Illustration: Printed in Paris

OLIVER CROMWELL

From the Original Panel by Samuel Cooper at Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge.]

OLIVER CROMWELL

by

SAMUEL RAWSON GARDINER, M.A.

Hon. D.C.L. Oxford: Litt.D. Cambridge: LL.D. Edinburgh Ph.D. Göttingen: Late Fellow of Merton College Honorary Student of Christ Church Fellow of King's College, London

With Frontispiece

New Impression

Longmans, Green, and Co. 39 Paternoster Row, London New York, Bombay, and Calcutta 1909

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I. KING AND PARLIAMENT. 1

CHAPTER II. THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE PRESBYTERIANS. 56

CHAPTER III. THE NEW MODEL ARMY AND THE KING. 101

CHAPTER IV. THE LAST YEARS OF THE LONG PARLIAMENT. 166

CHAPTER V. THE NOMINATED PARLIAMENT AND THE PROTECTORATE. 213

CHAPTER VI. A PARLIAMENTARY CONSTITUTION. 264

PREFACE.

The following work gives within a short compass a history of Oliver Cromwell from a biographical point of view. The text has been revised by the author, but otherwise is the same in a cheaper form as that which was published by Messrs. Goupil with illustrations in their Illustrated Series of Historical Volumes.

OLIVER CROMWELL.

CHAPTER I.

KING AND PARLIAMENT.

Oliver Cromwell, the future Lord Protector of the Commonwealth of England, was born at Huntingdon on April 25, 1599, receiving his baptismal name from his uncle, Sir Oliver Cromwell of Hinchingbrooke, a mansion hard by the little town. It was at Huntingdon that the father of the infant, Robert Cromwell, had established himself, farming lands and perhaps also adding to his income by the profits of a brewhouse managed by his wife, Elizabeth--a descendant of a middle-class Norfolk family of Steward--originally Styward--which, whatever writers of authority may say, was not in any way connected with the Royal House of Scotland.