A Life of Napoleon Bonaparte, with a Sketch of Josephine, Empress of the French

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LIFE OF NAPOLEON

[Illustration:

BONAPARTE AT TWENTY-TWO YEARS OF AGE

After a portrait by Greuze.]

A LIFE OF NAPOLEON BONAPARTE

With a Sketch of JOSEPHINE, Empress of the French. Illustrated from the collection of NAPOLEON Engravings made by the late Hon. G. G. Hubbard, and now owned by the Congressional Library, Washington, D. C., supplemented by Pictures from the best French Collections....

by

IDA M. TARBELL

New York McClure, Phillips & Co. M. CM. V.

Copyright, 1894, by S. S. McClure, Limited

Copyright, 1895, by S. S. McClure, Limited

Copyright, 1896, by The S. S. McClure Co.

Copyright, 1901, by McClure, Phillips & Co.

First Impression February, 1901 Second Impression April, 1901 Third Impression May, 1903 Fourth Impression Sept., 1905.

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CONTENTS

THE LIFE OF NAPOLEON:

CHAPTER PAGE

I. YOUTH AND EARLY SURROUNDINGS.—SCHOOL DAYS AT BRIENNE 17

II. IN PARIS.—LIEUTENANT OF ARTILLERY.—LITERARY WORK.—THE REVOLUTION 27

III. ROBESPIERRE.—OUT OF WORK.—FIRST SUCCESS 43

IV. COURTSHIP AND MARRIAGE.—DEVOTION TO JOSEPHINE 53

V. ITALIAN CAMPAIGN.—RULES OF WAR 61

VI. RETURN TO PARIS.—EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGN.—THE 18TH BRUMAIRE 89

VII. STATESMAN AND LAWGIVER.—THE FINANCES.—THE INDUSTRIES.—THE PUBLIC WORKS 105

VIII. RETURN OF THE ÉMIGRÉS.—THE CONCORDAT.—LEGION OF HONOR.—CODE NAPOLEON 119

IX. OPPOSITION TO THE CENTRALIZATION OF THE GOVERNMENT.—PROSPERITY OF FRANCE 133

X. PREPARATIONS FOR WAR WITH ENGLAND.—FLOTILLA AT BOULOGNE.—SALE OF LOUISIANA 143

XI. EMPEROR OF THE FRENCH PEOPLE.—KING OF ITALY 151

XII. CAMPAIGNS OF 1805, 1806, 1807.—PEACE OF TILSIT 163

XIII. EXTENSION OF NAPOLEON’S EMPIRE.—FAMILY AFFAIRS 179

XIV. BERLIN DECREE.—PENINSULAR WAR.—THE BONAPARTES ON THE SPANISH THRONE 191

XV. DISASTERS IN SPAIN.—ERFURT MEETING.—NAPOLEON AT MADRID 199

XVI. TALLEYRAND’S TREACHERY.—CAMPAIGN OF 1809 211

XVII. DIVORCE OF JOSEPHINE.—MARRIAGE WITH MARIE LOUISE.—BIRTH OF THE KING OF ROME. 221

XVIII. TROUBLE WITH THE POPE.—THE CONSCRIPTION.—THE TILSIT AGREEMENT BROKEN 229

XIX. RUSSIAN CAMPAIGN.—BURNING OF MOSCOW.—A NEW ARMY 241

XX. CAMPAIGN OF 1813.—CAMPAIGN OF 1814.—ABDICATION 253

XXI. ELBA.—THE HUNDRED DAYS.—THE SECOND ABDICATION 265

XXII. SURRENDER TO ENGLISH.—ST. HELENA.—DEATH 279

XXIII. THE SECOND FUNERAL 295

SKETCH OF JOSEPHINE—EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH:

I. FAMILY.—EARLY SURROUNDINGS.—ALEXANDER DE BEAUHARNAIS.—MARRIAGE.—SEPARATION FROM HUSBAND 325

II. JOSEPHINE IN THE REVOLUTION.—IMPRISONED AT LES CARMES.—STRUGGLE FOR EXISTENCE.—MARRIAGE WITH BONAPARTE 334

III. BONAPARTE GOES TO ITALY.—JOSEPHINE AT MILAN 1796–1797.—TRIUMPHAL TOUR IN ITALY.—BONAPARTE LEAVES FOR EGYPT 346

IV. BONAPARTE IS MADE FIRST CONSUL.—JOSEPHINE’S TACT IN PUBLIC LIFE.—HER PERSONAL CHARM.—MALMAISON 360

V. THE QUESTION OF SUCCESSION.—MARRIAGE OF HORTENSE.—JOSEPHINE EMPRESS OF THE FRENCH PEOPLE.—THE CORONATION 371