The War Upon Religion

In the original, chapter headings II-IX showed subtitles above chapter numbers, disagreeing with the display of numbers above subtitles on the Contents page and in chapter I. Those headings have been standardized.

Line spacing in the original varied inconsistently from single to 1.5, making the identification of intended block quotes difficult. For consistency, only speeches, quotes and reprints from document texts that were contained entirely within whole paragraphs--with no other narrative material--were treated as block quotes in this project (Exception: beginning P. 430 "To My Countrymen...."; this quote continues over several remaining pages and sections to the end of the book, and was not blocked).

Remaining transcriber's notes are at the end of the text.]

[Illustration: POPE PIUS X.]

The War Upon Religion

Being an Account of the Rise and Progress of Anti-Christianism in Europe

By Rev. Francis A. Cunningham

Boston The Pilot Publishing Company 1911

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Copyright 1911, By Rev. F. A. Cunningham.

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Nihil Obstat: David J. Toomey, Ph. D., S. T. D. Censor Deputatus.

Imprimatur: GULIELMUS Archiep. Boston.

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Contents

CHAPTER I. THE EARLIER CRISES.

Influence of the Reformation-- Jansenism-- The Abbey of Port Royal-- Quesnel-- The Bull "Unigenitus"-- Destructive Influence of Jansenism-- Not Quite Extinguished Even Yet-- Quietism-- Molinos and Madame Guyon-- Louis XIV. and Gallicanism-- The Gallican Liberties-- Resistance to Them-- Gallicanism One of the Chief Causes of Anti-Christianism in France-- Van Espen and the Pseudo-Canonists-- Johannes von Hontheim, Known as Febronius-- His Hostility to the Papal Supremacy-- Scipio di Ricci-- The Congress of Ems-- Joseph II. of Austria and the Josephine Schism-- Suppression of the Society of Jesus-- The Sophists-- Voltaire and the Encyclopaedists-- Freemasonry-- Neo-Paganism Page 1

CHAPTER II. THE FRENCH REVOLUTION.

Immediate Causes-- The States General-- Confiscation of Church Property-- Persecution of Religious Orders-- The Civil Constitution-- Sorrow of Pope Pius VI.-- His Condemnation of the Civil Constitution-- The Constituent Assembly-- Massacres of September-- The Convention-- Changing the Calendar-- Persecution of Catholics-- The Reign of Terror-- The Goddess of Reason-- The Worship of the Supreme Being-- The Council of Five Hundred, or the Directory-- Arrest and Exile of Pope Pius VI.-- The Death of the Pontiff in France Page 51

CHAPTER III. OPENING OF THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.

State of France at the Beginning of the Nineteenth Century-- The Conclave of Venice-- Cardinal Chiaramonti Elected Pope Pius VII.-- Sketch of His Life-- Cardinal Consalvi-- Napoleon Makes Proposals of Peace With the Pope-- Preliminary Deliberations for the Concordat-- Diplomacy of Cardinal Consalvi-- The Concordat Signed and Ratified-- Text of the Concordat-- The Organic Articles-- They Are Repudiated by the Pope-- The Case of Jerome Bonaparte-- The Coronation of Napoleon-- The Emperor Becomes a Persecutor-- Excommunication of Napoleon-- Arrest of Pope Pius VII.-- His Imprisonment at Savona-- The Council of Paris-- The Pope is Imprisoned at Fontainebleau-- Defeat of Napoleon-- Triumphant Return of Pius VII. to Rome Page 105

CHAPTER IV. ANTI-CHRISTIANISM IN ROME.

The Holy Alliance-- The Carbonari-- Mazzini and Young Italy-- Hostile Congresses-- Accession of Pope Pius IX.-- Generous Dispositions of the Holy Father-- Eighteen Hundred and Forty-eight-- Flight of the Pope-- Garibaldi-- Rome Retaken by the Papal Allies-- Conspiracy Against the Holy See-- Iniquities of Piedmont-- Hypocrisy of Napoleon III.-- Usurpation of Victor Emmanuel-- Fall of Rome in 1870-- Accession of Leo XIII.-- Leo XIII. and Labor-- Accession of Pius X.-- Modernism-- The Methodist in Rome-- The Insult of Mayor Nathan-- Character of Pope Pius X Page 177