The Egyptian campaigns, 1882 to 1885

In the new and revised Edition of "THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS," the history of the military operations in Egypt has been brought down to the present time, so as to include all the recent fighting in the Soudan. This has been accompanied by a slight alteration in the title of the Book, as well as by the elimination of such details contained in the original work as are no longer of general interest. The space thus gained has been utilized for the purpose of bringing before the reader the chief events of a military character which have occurred in the interval which has elapsed since the Book first appeared.

It has been the object of the Author to make the work in its present form a complete narrative of the rise and fall of the Arabist and Mahdist movements, as well as a history of England's intervention in Egypt, this last a subject on which many persons entertain somewhat vague and indistinct ideas.

C. R.

CAIRO, December, 1899.

CONTENTS.

CHAP. PAGE.

I. EGYPTIAN FINANCE 1

II. ISMAIL PASHA 7

III. THE MILITARY MOVEMENT 12

IV. TRIUMPH OF THE ARMY 17

V. FOREIGN INTERVENTION 23

VI. CRITICAL POSITION 32

VII. THE RIOTS AT ALEXANDRIA 44

VIII. THE ALEXANDRIA BOMBARDMENT 60

IX. OBSERVATIONS ON THE BOMBARDMENT 75

X. THE DAY AFTER THE BOMBARDMENT 85

XI. ALEXANDRIA DURING THE BOMBARDMENT 90

XII. EVENTS ON SHORE 98

XIII. THE SITUATION 106

XIV. MILITARY OPERATIONS 114

XV. THE CONFERENCE 120

XVI. THE PORTE AND THE POWERS 127

XVII. WOLSELEY'S MOVE TO THE CANAL 131

XVIII. DE LESSEPS AND THE CANAL 137

XIX. SEIZURE OF THE SUEZ CANAL 144

XX. TEL-EL-MAHUTA TO MAHSAMEH 153

XXI. KASSASSIN 159

XXII. TEL-EL-KEBIR 168

XXIII. CAPTURE OF CAIRO AND COLLAPSE OF THE REBELLION 180

XXIV. ENGLAND AND THE PORTE 193

XXV. RESTORATION OF TEWFIK AND EXILE OF ARABI 198

XXVI. THE SOUDAN AND THE MAHDI 210

XXVII. ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE FUTURE 220

XXVIII. OPERATIONS AGAINST THE MAHDI 232

XXIX. THE DESTRUCTION OF HICKS' ARMY 243

XXX. ABANDONMENT OF THE SOUDAN: OSMAN DIGNA 250

XXXI. BAKER'S DEFEAT AT EL TEB 259

XXXII. GORDON'S MISSION 267

XXXIII. SOUAKIM EXPEDITION 272

XXXIV. GRAHAM'S VICTORY AT EL TEB 277

XXXV. GRAHAM'S VICTORY AT TAMAAI 290

XXXVI. THE GORDON RELIEF EXPEDITION 309

XXXVII. PROGRESS TO DONGOLA 315

XXXVIII. ADVANCE TO KORTI 325

XXXIX. STEWART'S DESERT MARCH 333

XL. THE BATTLE OF ABU KLEA 341

XLI. THE ADVANCE ON METAMMEH 347

XLII. GORDON'S JOURNALS 355

XLIII. WILSON'S VOYAGE TO KHARTOUM 361

XLIV. THE FALL OF KHARTOUM 371

XLV. THE RETREAT FROM GUBAT 386

XLVI. THE NILE COLUMN 393

XLVII. WOLSELEY AND THE PROSECUTION OF THE CAMPAIGN 401

XLVIII. THE SOUAKIM EXPEDITION OF 1885 408

XLIX. THE ATTACK ON McNEILL'S ZERIBA 416

L. GRAHAM'S ADVANCE AND WITHDRAWAL FROM THE EASTERN SOUDAN 430

LI. EVACUATION 437

LII. CONTINUATION 443

LIII. THE MAHDIST INVASION 447

LIV. FINANCE, THE SUEZ CANAL, AND THE ARMY OF OCCUPATION 453

LV. THE EASTERN SOUDAN 459

LVI. THE NILE FRONTIER 466

LVII. WAD-EN-NEJUMI AND COLLAPSE OF THE INVASION 474

LVIII. THE EASTERN SOUDAN AGAIN 486

LIX. IN LOWER EGYPT 494

LX. THE DONGOLA EXPEDITION 501

LXI. THE RECONQUEST OF DONGOLA 512

LXII. THE ADVANCE TO BERBER 519

LXIII. ON THE RIVER--KASSALA 524

LXIV. FROM THE NILE TO THE ATBARA 530

LXV. THE BATTLE OF THE ATBARA 541

LXVI. THE ADVANCE ON OMDURMAN 551

LXVII. THE BATTLE OF OMDURMAN 559

LXVIII. THE CAPTURE OF OMDURMAN 574

LXIX. FASHODA 584

LXX. DESTRUCTION OF THE KHALIFA 590

CONCLUSION 595

THE EGYPTIAN CAMPAIGNS.

CHAPTER I.

EGYPTIAN FINANCE.