Newer Ideals of Peace

These studies in the gradual development of the moral substitutes for war have been made in the industrial quarter of a cosmopolitan city where the morality exhibits marked social and international aspects.

Parts of two chapters have been published before in the form of addresses, and two others as articles in the North American Review and in the American Journal of Sociology. All of them however are held together by a conviction that has been maturing through many years.

Hull-House, Chicago.

CONTENTS

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Newer ideals of peace are dynamic; if made operative will do away with war as a natural process 3

Of the older ideals the appeal to pity is dogmatic 4

The appeal to the sense of prudence also dogmatic and at this moment seems impotent 5

Outlook for universal peace by international arbitration 6

Primitive and profound impulses operate against impulse to war 8

Appeal to pity and prudence unnecessary if the cosmopolitan interest in human affairs is utilized 9

Social morality originates in social affections 11

Emotion determines social relations in the poorer quarters of a cosmopolitan city 13

New immigrants develop phenomenal powers of association 14

Their ideal of government includes kindliness as well as protection 15

Crowded city quarters the focal point of governmental progress 16

Life at these points must shape itself with reference to the demands of social justice 17

Simple foundations laid there for an international order 18

Ideals formed “in the depth of anonymous life” make for realization 20

Impulses toward compassionate conduct imperative 21

The internationalism of good will foreseen by the philosopher 23

A quickening concern for human welfare; international aspects illustrated by world-wide efforts to eradicate tuberculosis, first signs of the substitution of nurture for warfare 25

This substitution will be a natural process 26

Our very hope for it, a surrender to the ideals of the humble 27

Accounting must be taken between survivals of militarism and manifestations of newer humanitarianism 28

Tendency to idealization marked eighteenth-century humanitarian 29

Newer ideals of this century sustained only by knowledge and companionship 30

CHAPTER II

SURVIVALS OF MILITARISM IN CITY GOVERNMENT

American Republic founded under the influence of doctrinaire eighteenth-century ideals. Failure in municipal administration largely due to their inadequacy 31

Modern substitutes of the evolutionary conception of progress for eighteenth-century idealism 32

Failure of adjustment between the old form of government and present condition results in reversion to military and legal type 34

National governmental machinery provides no vehicle for organized expression of popular will 35

Historic governments dependent upon force of arms 36

Founders placed too exclusive a value upon the principles defended by the War of the Revolution. Example of the overestimation of the spoils of war 37

Immigration problem an illustration of the failure to treat our growing Republic in a spirit of progressive and developing democracy 39

Present immigration due partly to the philosophic dogmas of the eighteenth-century. Theory of naturalization still rests upon those dogmas 40

No adequate formulization of newer philosophy although immigration situation has become much more industrial than political 42

Exploitation of immigrants carried on under guise of preparation for citizenship 46