Lucretia Borgia

MY HONORED DUKE: I am induced to dedicate this work to you by the historical circumstances of which it treats and also by personal considerations.

In it you will behold the founders of your ancient and illustrious family. The Borgias were mortal enemies of the Gaetani, who narrowly escaped the fate prepared for them by Alexander VI and his terrible son. Beautiful Sermoneta and all the great fiefs in the Maremma fell into the maw of the Borgias, and your ancestors either found death at their hands or were driven into exile. Donna Lucretia became mistress of Sermoneta, and eventually her son, Rodrigo of Aragon, inherited the estates of the Gaetani.

Centuries have passed, and a beautiful and unfortunate woman may be forgiven for this confiscation of the appanages of your house. Moreover, it was not long before your family was reinstated in its rights by a bull of Julius II, which is now preserved--a precious jewel--in your family archives. To your house has descended the fame of its founders, but to yourself is due the position which the Gaetani now again enjoy.

The survival of historical tradition in things and men exercises an indescribable charm on every student of civilization. To recognize in the ancient and still nourishing families of modern Rome the descendants of the great personalities of other times, and to enjoy daily intercourse with them, made a profound impression on me. The Colonna, the Orsini, and the Gaetani are my friends, and all afforded me the greatest assistance. These families long ago vanished from the stage of Roman history, but the day came, illustrious Duke, when you were to make a place again for your ancient race in the history of the Imperial City; the day when--the temporal power of the popes having passed away, a power which had endured a thousand years--you carried to King Victor Emmanuel in Florence the declaration of allegiance of the Roman populace. This episode, marking the beginning of a new era for the city, will live, together with your name, in the annals of the Gaetani, and will preserve it forever in the memory of the Romans.

GREGOROVIUS.

ROME, March 9, 1874.

CONTENTS

BOOK THE FIRST--LUCRETIA BORGIA IN ROME

CHAPTER I PAGE

LUCRETIA'S FATHER 3

CHAPTER II

LUCRETIA'S MOTHER 10

CHAPTER III

LUCRETIA'S FIRST HOME 15

CHAPTER IV

LUCRETIA'S EDUCATION 20

CHAPTER V

NEPOTISM--GIULIA FARNESE--LUCRETIA'S BETROTHALS 34

CHAPTER VI

HER FATHER BECOMES POPE--GIOVANNI SFORZA 44

CHAPTER VII

LUCRETIA'S FIRST MARRIAGE 53

CHAPTER VIII

FAMILY AFFAIRS 62

CHAPTER IX

LUCRETIA LEAVES ROME 71

CHAPTER X

HISTORY AND DESCRIPTION OF PESARO 76

CHAPTER XI

THE INVASION OF ITALY--THE PROFLIGATE WORLD 87

CHAPTER XII

THE DIVORCE AND SECOND MARRIAGE 102

CHAPTER XIII

A REGENT AND A MOTHER 113

CHAPTER XIV

SOCIAL LIFE OF THE BORGIAS 125

CHAPTER XV

MISFORTUNES OF CATARINA SFORZA 137

CHAPTER XVI

MURDER OF ALFONSO OF ARAGON 145

CHAPTER XVII

LUCRETIA AT NEPI 152

CHAPTER XVIII

CAESAR AT PESARO 159

CHAPTER XIX

ANOTHER MARRIAGE PLANNED FOR LUCRETIA 167

CHAPTER XX

NEGOTIATIONS WITH THE HOUSE OF ESTE 182

CHAPTER XXI

THE EVE OF THE WEDDING 196

CHAPTER XXII

ARRIVAL AND RETURN OF THE BRIDAL ESCORT 207

BOOK THE SECOND--LUCRETIA IN FERRARA

CHAPTER I

LUCRETIA'S JOURNEY TO FERRARA 229

CHAPTER II

FORMAL ENTRY INTO FERRARA 239

CHAPTER III

FETES GIVEN IN LUCRETIA'S HONOR 250

CHAPTER IV

THE ESTE DYNASTY--DESCRIPTION OF FERRARA 266

CHAPTER V

DEATH OF ALEXANDER VI 279

CHAPTER VI