Evesham

For the historical matter contained in the following pages the writer is indebted mainly to George May's admirable history of the town issued in 1845, a book which, since its publication, has been the acknowledged authority on local history.

To Mr. Oswald Knapp his thanks are especially due not only for permission to make use of the series of articles, founded on the monastic chronicles, which appeared some years ago in the Evesham Journal, most of them under the title of "Evesham Episodes," but also for much generous help and criticism.

CONTENTS

I. INTRODUCTION II. EVESHAM AND THE VALE III. THE ABBEY 1. THE FOUNDING OF THE ABBEY 2. THE ABBEY AFTER THE CONQUEST. 3. THE DISSOLUTION. IV. THE REMAINS OF THE ABBEY V. THE PARISH CHURCHES VI. THE TOWN--INCLUDING BENGEWORTH AND GREEN HILL VII. THE BATTLE OF EVESHAM VIII. CAVALIERS AND ROUNDHEADS IX. THE RIVER X. THE NEIGHBOURHOOD

LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS

Bridge Street Evesham and Bredon Hill, from the Parks The Bell Tower The Gatehouse and Almonry Abbot Reginald's Gateway In the Market Place High Street The Bell Tower, from Bengeworth St. Egwin's, Honeybourne

Evesham

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Yonder lies our ... village--Art and Grace are less and less: Science grows and Beauty dwindles--roofs of slated hideousness!

--LOCKSLEY HALL, SIXTY YEARS AFTER

Those who love with a deep reverence the work of their forefathers, whether because of the character and beauty of their handiwork, or from the historical associations which are indissolubly connected with it, cannot but regard with pain and abhorrence any cause which tends towards the demolition or destruction of the monuments of the past. To these it is a significant and distressing fact that hardly any modern English buildings or streets possess the qualities which give the value and charm to the old cities, towns, and villages of which we are the grateful inheritors. If any reader is inclined to doubt the truth of this statement, or to consider the sentiment expressed extravagant or groundless, let him consider the difference between the old towns and the new.

Evesham provides a typical and sufficiently striking instance of the contrasted methods and results. Here there is hardly an old house which has not a local and individual character. Many of them may be plain, severely plain, some possibly ugly; but in each can be read by all who will, a distinct and separate thought, or series of thoughts, connecting the dwelling with its builders and owners, and with the soil out of which it has sprung.

As the varying undulations of the face of the country tell a plain tale to the geologist, so the shape and materials of human habitations tell their story to the student of architecture and the history of man.

The poet Wordsworth pointed out that one of the great charms of the Lake country lay in the way in which the dwellings sprang out of the hill side, as if a natural growth born of the requirements of the peasant or farmer and the materials provided by nature. Throughout England this was once the case; no two houses were precisely alike because no two people had precisely the same ideas, wishes and requirements; and the material was dictated by the stone or timber provided by the district. Every building was in old times the combined expression of the individual man and the genius loci.

The timber cottages which are still to be found in the town tell of the time when tracts of the original forest still lingered, and oak was the cheapest material fit for building. Often the foundation of the walls is of stone, and the earliest stone to be used was that which could be had for the digging, the blue lias found in thin layers embedded in the clay of which the vale is composed. In the back streets which retain, as would be expected, more of their primitive character than the more respectable thoroughfares, this blue stone has been much used, and in the churches it can be seen in the earlier parts making a very pretty wall with its thin horizontal lines. The tower of the church of All Saints shows it to great advantage.