A History of the Philippines

This book has been prepared at the suggestion of the educational authorities for pupils in the public high schools of the Philippines, as an introduction to the history of their country. Its preparation occupied about two years, while the author was busily engaged in other duties,--much of it being written while he was traveling or exploring in different parts of the Archipelago. No pretensions are made to an exhaustive character for the book. For the writer, as well as for the pupil for whom it is intended, it is an introduction into the study of the history of Malaysia.

Considerable difficulty has been experienced in securing the necessary historical sources, but it is believed that the principal ones have been read. The author is greatly indebted to the Honorable Dr. Pardo de Tavera for the use of rare volumes from his library, and he wishes to acknowledge also the kindness of Mr. Manuel Yriarte, Chief of the Bureau of Archives, for permission to examine public documents. The occasional reprints of the old Philippine histories have, however, been used more frequently than the original editions. The splendid series of reprinted works on the Philippines, promised by Miss Blair and Mr. Robertson, was not begun in time to be used in the preparation of this book. The appearance of this series will make easy a path which the present writer has found comparatively difficult, and will open the way for an incomparably better History of the Philippines than has ever yet been made.

The drawings of ethnographic subjects, which partly illustrate this book, were made from objects in the Philippine Museum by Mr. Anselmo Espiritu, a teacher in the public schools of Manila. They are very accurate.

Above every one else, in writing this book, the author is under obligations to his wife, without whose constant help and encouragement it could not have been written.

David P. Barrows.

Manila, Philippine Islands, March 1st, 1903.

CONTENTS.

Page

I. The Philippines as a Subject for Historical Study 9 II. The Peoples of the Philippines 25 III. Europe and the Far East about 1400 A.D. 42 IV. The Great Geographical Discoveries 61 V. Filipino People Before the Arrival of the Spaniards 88 VI. The Spanish Soldier and the Spanish Missionary 108 VII. Period of Conquest and Settlement, 1565-1600 125 VIII. The Philippines Three Hundred Years Ago 156 IX. The Dutch and Moro Wars, 1600-1663 187 X. A Century of Obscurity and Decline, 1633-1762 212 XI. The Philippines During the Period of European Revolution, 1762-1837 231 XII. Progress and Revolution, 1837-1897 259 XIII. America and the Philippines 287 Appendix 321 Index 325

LIST OF MAPS.

Page

Philippine Islands 6, 7 Countries and Peoples of Malaysia 26, 27 Races and Tribes of the Philippines 30 The Spread of Mohammedanism 39 Europe about 1400 AD. 44 Routes of Trade to the Far East 50 The Countries of the Far East 58 Restoration of Toscanelli's Map 69 Early Spanish Discoveries in the Philippines 77 The New World and the Indies as divided between Spain and Portugal 85 Conquest and Settlement by the Spaniards in the Philippines, 1505-1590 124 Straits of Manila 133 The City of Manila 134 Luzon 158, 159 Mindanao, Visayas, and Paragua 288, 289 American Campaigns in Northern Luzon 302

HISTORY OF THE PHILIPPINES.

CHAPTER I.

THE PHILIPPINES AS A SUBJECT FOR HISTORICAL STUDY.

Purpose of this Book.--This book has been written for the young men and young women of the Philippines. It is intended to introduce them into the history of their own island country. The subject of Philippine history is much broader and more splendid than the size and character of this little book reveal. Many subjects have only been briefly touched upon, and there are many sources of information, old histories, letters and official documents, which the writer had not time and opportunity to study in the preparation of this work. It is not too soon, however, to present a history of the Philippines, even though imperfectly written, to the Philippine people themselves; and if this book serves to direct young men and young women to a study of the history of their own island country, it will have fulfilled its purpose.